【2019•山東東營】What’saspacewalk?Anytimeanastronautgetsoutof...

問題詳情：

【2019 • 山東東營】

What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects( 影響) different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.

When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧氣) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating( 漂 浮 ) away into space. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.

How do astronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虛擬現實). It looks and feels just like a spacewalk.

Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.

26. About the spacewalk, we can know __________     .

A. some things can be fixed by astronauts during spacewalks

B. all experiments must be placed on the outside of a spacecraft

C. an astronaut can get out of a spacecraft any time while in space

D. a spacewalk lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things

27. How many ways to keep the astronauts safe during spacewalks?

A. Two.              B. Three.              C. Four.               D. Five.

28. What’s the meaning of the word “tethers” in Paragraph 2?

A. 吊籃              B. 繫繩                C. 籠子                D. 鈎子

29. Astronauts train for spacewalks by__________ .

A. floating in space

B. using virtual reality

C. going on spacewalks outside a spacecraft

D. training in water in a common swimming pool

30. According to the passage, which is NOT true?

A. China can finish a spacewalk independently.

B. Astronauts can breathe and drink in spacesuits.

C. Astronauts can move around in space with the help of SAFER.

D. Anatoly Solovyev is the first person to go on a spacewalk in the world.

【回答】

【短文大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要講述太空漫步。包括什麼是太空漫步、太空漫步的原因、太空漫步時宇航員的安全保障、宇航員如何訓練太空漫步以及人類太空漫步的歷史。

26. 推理判斷題。根據experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft可知，實驗可以放在航天器的外部，而不是所有的實驗都必須都放在航天器的外部，排除B；根據Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk可知，任何時候宇航員在太空中走出飛船被叫做太空漫步，而不是宇航員在太空中任何時候都可以從宇宙飛船中出來，偷換概念，排除C；根據For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects( 影響) different things可知，實驗可以在航天器的外部這件事可以讓科學家知道太空是如何影響不同的事物的，排除D；根據By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix可知，通過太空行走，宇航員可以修東西而不用將他們帶回地球修，故選A。

27. 細節理解題。根據When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe、To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door、When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft以及Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER可知，宇航員可以穿航天服、通過一個特別的門離開和返回航天器、用安全繩或者穿艙外活動簡便救援裝置，共四種，故選C。

28. 詞義猜測題。根據When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft可知，當太空漫步時，宇航員使用安全拴繩來與航天器保持近距離，安全繩像一個繩子，連接着太空漫步者和航天器。tether像一個繩子，所以是繫繩，故選B。

29. 細節理解題。根據One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool以及Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality可知，要麼去特別的游泳池漂浮練習太空行走，要麼使用虛擬現實練習太空行走，故選B。

30. 細節理解題。根據Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China可知，*能*地完成太空行走，排除A；根據Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧氣) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink可知，宇航員能夠在航天服裏呼吸和喝水；根據SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space可知，宇航員可以在裏面移動，排除C；根據The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia可知，第一個太空行走的人是蘇聯的阿里克謝列昂諾夫。故選D。

知識點：科普環保類

題型：閲讀理解