AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,b...

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問題詳情：

According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.

To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.

Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.

For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.

The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?

12. What is the recent study mainly about?

A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.

C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.

13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?

A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.

C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.

14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?

A. To see how she would affect the participants.

B. To test if the participants could recognize her.

C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.

D. To study why she could keep her weight down.

15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?

A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.

C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.

【回答】

12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C

【解析】

本文是説明文。最近的研究表明：我們的飲食夥伴的大小和消費習慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量。文章詳述了這個實驗的過程。

【12題詳解】

細節理解題。根據第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根據消費者研究雜誌最近的一項研究，我們的飲食夥伴的大小和消費習慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量。因此這項研究是關於飲食行為的。故選D。

【13題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，現有的研究認為：你應該避免和體重較重、點大份飯菜的人一起吃飯。後半句認為，你真正應該避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推斷出，畫線詞和heavier people（超重的人）相反，結合選項，D選項（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故選D。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments”可知，為了測試社會影響對飲食習慣的影響，研究人員進行了兩個實驗。根據倒數第三段的內容可知，在兩個實驗中，胖的和瘦的演員都吃了大量的食物。參與者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，當演員是瘦的時候，參與者們服用的食物更多。由此推斷，研究人員僱用演員是為了看看她如何影響參與者。故選A。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據最後一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一個超重的人吃很大一份，我會忍住一點，因為我看到了他飲食習慣的結果。但如果一個瘦的人吃很多，我會跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗條，為什麼我不能呢？因此推斷我們是根據我們對他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）來調整影響的。故選C。

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