Manycityresidentshavewitnessedinstancesofseemingbirdgen...

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Many city residents have witnessed instances of seeming bird genius，from crows (烏鴉）using traffic to crack nuts to a seagull (海鷗）opening bags of Doritos it had stolen from a convenience store. Now there’s evidence that the urban environment itself might be making birds smarter, according to a study in Behavioral Ecology.

Researchers at Montreal’s McGill University wanted to see if there were intelligence differences between rural (農村的）and urban Bullfinches (紅腹灰雀）in the Barbados. So they assigned birds from both environments tasks measuring associative (聯想的）learning and problem solving. Birds from cities were good at performing tricky things like pulling and opening food jars. Country birds performed worse at these tasks.

The researchers say the urban birds displayed “braver” characteristics and even had stronger figures than their rural species. But, why do city birds have the advantage over their country friends? They adapted to their urban environments enabling them to take advantage of new resources better than their rural species.

“We found that not only were birds from urbanized areas better at creative problem-solving tasks than bullfinches from rural environments, but that surprisingly urban birds also had a better immunity (免疫*）than rural birds，” says Jean-Nicolas Audet，a Ph. D student in the Department of Biology and first author of the study published in the journal Behavioral Ecology.

“Since urban birds were better at problem-solving，we expected that there would be a trade-off and that the immunity would be lower, just because we assumed that you can’t be good at everything. It seems that in this case，the urban birds have it all. ”

32. What helps urban birds be smarter than rural birds?

A. Their figures.

B. Their immunity.

C. The urban environment.

D. The convenience store.

33. The task measuring associative learning and problem solving was to .

A. see if urban birds had braver characteristics

B. see if urban and rural birds had good living environment

C. see if urban birds were better at opening food jars than rural birds

D. see if there were intelligence differences between urban and rural birds

34. Why did urban birds behave better than rural birds in the research?

A. Because they were cleverer.