Peoplewhodaydreamareoftenthoughtofinnegativeterms,sucha...

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People who daydream are often thought of in negative terms, such as being lazy or not doing what they should be doing. However, scientists who study the brain have learned many interesting things from studying the brains of daydreamers. Far from being a waste of time, recent research has shown that daydreaming is a healthy and useful activity for all of our brains.

To study the brain, scientists use special devices that scan the brain and show pictures of which parts of the brain are active at certain times. When a person is daydreaming, the device will show a distinct pattern of activity in the brain called the “default” mode of thinking. In the default mode, the top or outside part of the brain is very active. Actually, several regions of the brain are interacting in this mode. Some scientists describe this mode as a time when the brain focuses on itself rather than focusing on the environment around the person. Typically, this occurs when a person is doing simple, undemanding work or performing routine actions that don’t need much attention, like walking to school or cooking simple foods. People tend to daydream during such activities.

The importance of daydreaming lies in developing both creative and social skills. When the mind is not engaged in dealing with one’s immediate situation or problem, then it is free to wander. A time of wandering allows the mind to create things. New inventions may be imagined, or possible solutions to a problem can be planned. For example, solutions to problems in relationships with other people may spring to mind. In fact, most daydreams involve situations with others. Perhaps these are daydreams based on past memories, or daydreams of what might be in the future. In either case, daydreams help us develop the appropriate skills we can use in real interactions with others.

As brain specialist Dr. Marcus Raichle of Washington University explains: “When you don’t use a muscle, that muscle really isn’t doing much. But when your brain is supposedly doing nothing and daydreaming, it’s really doing a great amount.” During the so-called “resting state” the brain isn’t resting at all!

14. Which question does the passage mainly focus on?

A. Can daydreams reduce the hours we sleep?

B. How is daydreaming different from sleeping?

C. What is the right way to daydream?

D. Why is daydreaming good for people?

15. Which of the following is NOT involved in daydreaming?

A. One’s immediate environment. B. Several regions of the brain.

C. The “default” mode of thinking. D. The outside part of the brain.

16. What does the brain focus on in the default mode?

A. A person’s immediate situation. B. Appropriate relationships.

C. The brain itself. D. Routine actions.

17. Which statement would Dr. Raichle agree with?