Nothingsucceedslikesuccess,aseveryparentofastraight-...
問題詳情：
Nothing succeeds like success, as every parent of a straight-A student knows, but trying to strengthen academic excellence by telling your child, " You're so smart!" may be counterproductive.
According to the: findings of a 2017 study, children who think their intelligence is fixed are less likely to pay attention and return to normal from mistakes than children who think their intelligence can grow and change. Telling kids they're smart strengthens the idea that intelligence is a genetic gift rather than a skill that can be improved.
In the study published online, researchers at Michigan State University looked at 123 children who were about 7, as kids at this age face the challenge of going to school. The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a "growth mindset", who believe that they can work harder to get smarter, or a"fixed mindset", who believe that their intelligence is unable to change. They then asked the children to complete a fast-paced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded. In the task, children played a game, helping a zookeeper catch escaped animals by pressing the space bar when an animal showed up on their screens.
Based on the data they collected, the researchers concluded that children with a "growth mindset" were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake, and in turn were more likely to improve their performance by paying closer attention to the task after making an error.
While previous research has shown that people with a "fixed mindset" don't want to admit they've made a mistake, this study found that children with a "fixed mindset" were able to "return to normal" after making an error, but only if they gave their full attention to the mistake and used it as an opportunity to learn.
For parents, the lessons are clear: For starters, don't pay compliments（讚美的話）that suggest intelligence is fixed. If a child hands you an A+test, don't say, " You're so smart!" Instead say," Wow, that studying really paid off!" or " You clearly mastered this material—way to go!". Note the effort, not the intelligence.
73．Which of the following can be closest to the meaning of " counterproductive"?
A．Achieving the opposite result.
B．Going far away from the goal.
C．Showing off your intelligence.
D．Forming a good relationship.
74．What was discovered in a 2017 study?
A．Children are easy to lose focus in class.
B．It takes time for children to regain confidence.
C．Skills are generally thought to be able to be improved.
D．Telling kids they're smart means emphasizing the born gift.
75．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A．The purpose and the process of the study.
B．The major breakthrough made in the study.
C．The participants and the place of the study.
D．The scientific methods used in the study.
76．How is the text developed?
A．By listing statistics.
B．By comparison.
C．By showing examples.
D．By reasoning
【回答】
73．A
74．D
75．A
76．B
【分析】
這是一篇説明文。研究表明，父母想要讚美他們的孩子是很自然的事情，但是這種讚美可能會適得其反。因此，父母要關注孩子的努力，而不是智力。
73．詞義猜測題。第一段首句“Nothing succeeds like success.”意思為一順百順，一通百通。畫線詞前面的but錶轉折，所以劃線單詞所在句子意思為：通過説“你真聰明”來讓學生下次表現的更好，可能會取得相反的結果A. Achieving the opposite result取得相反的結果；B. Going far away from the goal離目標越來越遠；C. Showing off your intelligence炫耀你的聰明；D. Forming a good relationship形成好的關係。故選A。
74．細節理解題。根據第二段最後一句“Telling kids they're smart strengthens the idea that intelligence is a genetic gift rather than a skill that can be improved.（告訴孩子們他們很聰明就意味着強調了智力是遺傳天賦，而不是可以提高的技能。）”，可知，告訴孩子們他們很聰明就意味着強調了智力是遺傳天賦。故選D。
75．主旨大意題。根據第三段中的“The team assessed the children to determine… is unable to change(這個團隊首先來衡量學生是具有成長*思維模式（智力是可以通過努力學習改變的），還是固定*思維模式（智力是無法改變的）)” 和 “They then asked the children to complete...（然後它們一邊記錄學生的腦部活動，一邊讓他們完成電腦上的快速要求精確度的任務）”可知，第三段主要説明了實驗的目的和過程。故選A。
76．推理判斷題。通讀全文，並根據第三段至第五段的內容可知，本文是通過對比法（將固定型思維的人與成長型思維的人進行對比）進行説明的，通過觀察孩子擁有“成長心態”還是擁有“固定心態”，告訴人們要關注孩子的努力，而不是智力。故選B。
【點睛】
猜測詞義題在高考中有三種考查形式：生詞猜測詞義或熟詞生義、猜測一句話的意思、指代關係猜詞（代詞或者名詞）。從近三年考查形勢看，三種考查方式同等重要。本文中考查的是生詞猜測詞義。這種題型的解法主要是在生詞後找到其釋義句。例如本題中的第一題考查的就是生詞詞義猜測，根據句中的並列連詞but可知，but前後兩個分句意思相反，所以從第一個分句的意思就可以推得第二個分句的意思，也就可以猜測出劃線單詞的意思。同學們解此類題時要學會巧用連詞。
知識點：社會
題型：閲讀理解
